OpenStack部署全攻略：轻松打造强大的云架构-云社区-华为云 (2025)

需要了解

• 虚拟化平台版本 VMware Workstation 16.2.3
• 操作系统版本 CentOS Linux Stream 8
• 安装源您可访问 阿里永久镜像站 / 华为永久镜像站 或其他镜像站进行下载
• 环境用到 2台 虚拟机，单网卡，并为其配置 静态 IP 及 DNS
• 从 Ussuri 版本开始，需要使用 CentOS 8 或 RHEL 8，截至发稿前，Stream 8 版本支持的最高版本为 xena
• 搭建 openstack 最麻烦的是 yum 源问题，建议严格按照本篇博客进行 yum 源配置操作
• 保姆级别，按照步骤操作，绝对一次性安装成功。

环境规划

控制节点及计算节点必须开启虚拟化引擎 Intel VT-x 或 AMD-V。控制节点未来将被复用为计算节点和网络节点。虚拟机配置可根据实际情况进行调整。

系统环境配置

网络配置

当前环境中控制节点及计算节点网卡类型为 NAT

网卡配置、关闭防火墙、Selinux、NetworkManager

• 控制节点

### 网卡配置[root@tmp ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname controller[root@tmp ~]# hostnamecontroller[root@tmp ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/[root@tmp network-scripts]# lsifcfg-ens160[root@tmp network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-ens160 [root@tmp network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens160 TYPE=EthernetBOOTPROTO=noneNAME=ens160DEVICE=ens160ONBOOT=yesIPADDR=192.168.129.185NETMASK=255.255.255.0GATEWAY=192.168.129.2DNS1=192.168.129.2### 可以再配置完ip之后关机拍摄快照

### 关闭防火墙[root@controller ~]# systemctl stop firewalld[root@controller ~]# systemctl disable firewalldRemoved /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.### 关闭SELINUX[root@controller ~]# setenforce 0[root@controller ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config### 关闭NetworkManager[root@controller ~]# systemctl stop NetworkManager[root@controller ~]# systemctl disable NetworkManagerRemoved /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/NetworkManager.service.Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service.Removed /etc/systemd/system/network-online.target.wants/NetworkManager-wait-online.service.

• 计算节点

### 网卡配置[root@tmp ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname computer[root@tmp ~]# hostnamecomputer[root@tmp ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/[root@tmp network-scripts]# lsifcfg-ens160[root@tmp network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-ens160 [root@tmp network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens160 TYPE=EthernetBOOTPROTO=noneNAME=ens160DEVICE=ens160ONBOOT=yesIPADDR=192.168.129.186NETMASK=255.255.255.0GATEWAY=192.168.129.2DNS1=192.168.129.2[root@tmp network-scripts]# ### 可以再配置完ip之后关机拍摄快照

根据实际情况给处理器

### 关闭防火墙[root@computer ~]# systemctl stop firewalld[root@computer ~]# systemctl disable firewalldRemoved /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.### 关闭SELINUX[root@computer ~]# setenforce 0[root@computer ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config### 关闭NetworkManager[root@computer ~]# systemctl stop NetworkManager[root@computer ~]# systemctl disable NetworkManagerRemoved /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/NetworkManager.service.Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service.Removed /etc/systemd/system/network-online.target.wants/NetworkManager-wait-online.service.

配置ip及主机名安装基础包

• 控制节点

### 配置ip及主机名[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/hosts[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/hosts127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6192.168.129.185 controller192.168.129.186 computer[root@controller ~]# ping computer### 安装基础包[root@controller ~]# yum install -y vim net-tools bash-completion chrony.x86_64 centos-release-openstack-victoria.noarch

• 计算节点

### 配置ip及主机名[root@computer ~]# vi /etc/hosts[root@computer ~]# cat /etc/hosts127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6192.168.129.185 controller192.168.129.186 computer[root@computer ~]# ping controller### 安装基础包[root@computer ~]# yum install -y vim net-tools bash-completion chrony.x86_64 centos-release-openstack-victoria.noarch

如果在安装基础包出错，重启之后没有ip，可以重启 NetworkManager，再讲其关闭

NTP时间同步配置

Linux 8 版本开始默认不再支持 ntpdate 工具，换用 chronyd 进行同步

• 控制节点

[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/chrony.conf# Please consider joining the pool (http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html).#pool 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburstsever pool ntp.aliyun.com iburst ### 配置了阿里云ntp# Record the rate at which the system clock gains/losses time.driftfile /var/lib/chrony/drift..............### 启动服务[root@controller ~]# systemctl start chronyd.serviceJob for chronyd.service failed because the control process exited with error code.See "systemctl status chronyd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.[root@controller ~]# systemctl enable chronyd.service

• 计算节点

[root@computer ~]# vi /etc/chrony.conf# Please consider joining the pool (http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html).#pool 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburstsever pool ntp.aliyun.com iburst ### 配置了阿里云ntp# Record the rate at which the system clock gains/losses time.driftfile /var/lib/chrony/drift..............### 启动服务[root@computer ~]# systemctl start chronyd.serviceJob for chronyd.service failed because the control process exited with error code.See "systemctl status chronyd.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.[root@computer ~]# systemctl enable chronyd.service

配置YUM源

• 控制节点

[root@controller ~]# mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak[root@controller ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak/[root@controller ~]# cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/cloudcs.repo[highavailability]name=CentOS Stream 8 - HighAvailabilitybaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8-stream/HighAvailability/x86_64/os/gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficialgpgcheck=1repo_gpgcheck=0metadata_expire=6hcountme=1enabled=1[nfv]name=CentOS Stream 8 - NFVbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8-stream/NFV/x86_64/os/gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficialgpgcheck=1repo_gpgcheck=0metadata_expire=6hcountme=1enabled=1[rt]name=CentOS Stream 8 - RTbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8-stream/RT/x86_64/os/gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficialgpgcheck=1repo_gpgcheck=0metadata_expire=6hcountme=1enabled=1[resilientstorage]name=CentOS Stream 8 - ResilientStoragebaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8-stream/ResilientStorage/x86_64/os/gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficialgpgcheck=1repo_gpgcheck=0metadata_expire=6hcountme=1enabled=1[extras-common]name=CentOS Stream 8 - Extras packagesbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8-stream/extras/x86_64/extras-common/gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-Extras-SHA512gpgcheck=1repo_gpgcheck=0metadata_expire=6hcountme=1enabled=1[extras]name=CentOS Stream $releasever - Extrasmirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$stream&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$stream/extras/$basearch/os/baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8-stream/extras/x86_64/os/gpgcheck=1enabled=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial[centos-ceph-pacific]name=CentOS - Ceph Pacificbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8-stream/storage/x86_64/ceph-pacific/gpgcheck=0enabled=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-Storage[centos-rabbitmq-38]name=CentOS-8 - RabbitMQ 38baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8-stream/messaging/x86_64/rabbitmq-38/gpgcheck=1enabled=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-Messaging[centos-nfv-openvswitch]name=CentOS Stream 8 - NFV OpenvSwitchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8-stream/nfv/x86_64/openvswitch-2/gpgcheck=1enabled=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-NFVmodule_hotfixes=1[baseos]name=CentOS Stream 8 - BaseOSbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficialgpgcheck=1repo_gpgcheck=0metadata_expire=6hcountme=1enabled=1[appstream]name=CentOS Stream 8 - AppStreambaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8-stream/AppStream/x86_64/os/gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficialgpgcheck=1repo_gpgcheck=0metadata_expire=6hcountme=1enabled=1[centos-openstack-victoria]name=CentOS 8 - OpenStack victoriabaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8-stream/cloud/x86_64/openstack-victoria/#baseurl=https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/8-stream/cloud/x86_64/openstack-yoga/gpgcheck=1enabled=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-SIG-Cloudmodule_hotfixes=1[powertools]name=CentOS Stream 8 - PowerTools#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$stream&arch=$basearch&repo=PowerTools&infra=$infrabaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/8-stream/PowerTools/x86_64/os/gpgcheck=1enabled=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficialEOF[root@controller ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/bak cloudcs.repo[root@controller ~]# yum clean all27 files removed[root@controller ~]# yum repolist allrepo id repo name statusappstream CentOS Stream 8 - AppStream enabledbaseos CentOS Stream 8 - BaseOS enabledcentos-ceph-pacific CentOS - Ceph Pacific enabledcentos-nfv-openvswitch CentOS Stream 8 - NFV OpenvSwitch enabledcentos-openstack-victoria CentOS 8 - OpenStack victoria enabledcentos-rabbitmq-38 CentOS-8 - RabbitMQ 38 enabledextras CentOS Stream - Extras enabledextras-common CentOS Stream 8 - Extras packages enabledhighavailability CentOS Stream 8 - HighAvailability enablednfv CentOS Stream 8 - NFV enabledpowertools CentOS Stream 8 - PowerTools enabledresilientstorage CentOS Stream 8 - ResilientStorage enabledrt CentOS Stream 8 - RT enabled[root@controller ~]# 

• 计算节点

[root@computer ~]# mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak[root@computer ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak/### 通过远程拷贝方式将 控制节点 yum 文件，拉取到计算节点[root@compute ~]# scp controller:/etc/yum.repos.d/cloudcs.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/The authenticity of host 'controller (192.168.100.128)' can't be established.ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:0wisA68htG476jVggvEX5wWHxAK9nmDDWXzLAmwP8as.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yesWarning: Permanently added 'controller,192.168.100.128' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.root@controller's password: cloudcs.repo [root@computer ~]# [root@computer ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/bak cloudcs.repo[root@computer ~]# yum clean all27 files removed[root@computer ~]# yum repolist allrepo id repo name statusappstream CentOS Stream 8 - AppStream enabledbaseos CentOS Stream 8 - BaseOS enabledcentos-ceph-pacific CentOS - Ceph Pacific enabledcentos-nfv-openvswitch CentOS Stream 8 - NFV OpenvSwitch enabledcentos-openstack-victoria CentOS 8 - OpenStack victoria enabledcentos-rabbitmq-38 CentOS-8 - RabbitMQ 38 enabledextras CentOS Stream - Extras enabledextras-common CentOS Stream 8 - Extras packages enabledhighavailability CentOS Stream 8 - HighAvailability enablednfv CentOS Stream 8 - NFV enabledpowertools CentOS Stream 8 - PowerTools enabledresilientstorage CentOS Stream 8 - ResilientStorage enabledrt CentOS Stream 8 - RT enabled[root@computer ~]# 

安装配置

控制节点安装 PackStack 工具

[root@controller ~]# yum install -y openstack-packstack.............. rubygems-2.7.6.3-110.module_el8.6.0+1187+541216eb.noarch yaml-cpp-0.6.3-1.el8.x86_64 Complete!

生成应答文件

[root@controller ~]# packstack --help | grep ans --gen-answer-file=GEN_ANSWER_FILE Generate a template of an answer file. --validate-answer-file=VALIDATE_ANSWER_FILE Check if answerfile contains unexpected options. --answer-file=ANSWER_FILE answerfile will also be generated and should be used -o, --options Print details on options available in answer file(rst Packstack a second time with the same answer file and attribute where "y" means an account is disabled. --manila-netapp-transport-type=MANILA_NETAPP_TRANSPORT_TYPE The transport protocol used when communicating with[root@controller ~]# packstack --gen-answer-file=memeda.txt ## 指定文件路径名称Packstack changed given value to required value /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pubAdditional information: * Parameter CONFIG_NEUTRON_L2_AGENT: You have chosen OVN Neutron backend. Note that this backend does not support the VPNaaS plugin. Geneve will be used as the encapsulation method for tenant networks

编辑应答文件

注意设置参数 CONFIG_NEUTRON_OVN_BRIDGE_IFACES ，OVN 会自动创建 br-ex 虚拟交换机并使 ens160 桥接到 br-ex 虚拟交换机上，未来云主机通过 br-ex 可以连通外部网络。

[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Stream release 8[root@controller ~]# vi memeda.txt92 # Server on which to install OpenStack services specific to the93 # controller role (for example, API servers or dashboard).94 CONFIG_CONTROLLER_HOST=192.168.129.18595 ### 要安装计算服务的服务器。我们在计算和控制节点都安装，复用96 # List the servers on which to install the Compute service.97 CONFIG_COMPUTE_HOSTS=192.168.129.185,192.168.129.186### 身份验证密码322 # Password to use for the Identity service 'admin' user.323 CONFIG_KEYSTONE_ADMIN_PW=redhat### 创建测试用例，关闭1168 # Specify 'y' to provision for demo usage and testing. ['y', 'n']1169 CONFIG_PROVISION_DEMO=n### 编排组件59 # Specify 'y' to install OpenStack Orchestration (heat). ['y', 'n ']60 CONFIG_HEAT_INSTALL=y### 桥接，映射射到自己控制节点的网卡907 # ovn-bridge-mappings=ext-net:br-ex --os-neutron-ovn-bridge-908 # interfaces=br-ex:eth0909 CONFIG_NEUTRON_OVN_BRIDGE_IFACES=br-ex:ens160 -------注意自己网卡

执行应答文件进行安装

### 大概需要等待30分钟[root@controller ~]# packstack --answer-file=memeda.txtWelcome to the Packstack setup utilityThe installation log file is available at: /var/tmp/packstack/20230806-151155-lamn_upk/openstack-setup.logInstalling:Clean Up [ DONE ]Discovering ip protocol version [ DONE ]root@192.168.129.186's password: ### 输入两台节点密码root@192.168.129.185's password: ### 输入两台节点密码Setting up ssh keys [ DONE ]Preparing servers [ DONE ]Pre installing Puppet and discovering hosts' details [ DONE ]Preparing pre-install entries [ DONE ]Setting up CACERT [ DONE ]Preparing AMQP entries [ DONE ]Preparing MariaDB entries [ DONE ]Fixing Keystone LDAP config parameters to be undef if empty[ DONE ]Preparing Keystone entries [ DONE ]Preparing Glance entries [ DONE ]Checking if the Cinder server has a cinder-volumes vg[ DONE ]Preparing Cinder entries [ DONE ]Preparing Nova API entries [ DONE ]Creating ssh keys for Nova migration [ DONE ]Gathering ssh host keys for Nova migration [ DONE ]Preparing Nova Compute entries [ DONE ]Preparing Nova Scheduler entries [ DONE ]Preparing Nova VNC Proxy entries [ DONE ]Preparing OpenStack Network-related Nova entries [ DONE ]Preparing Nova Common entries [ DONE ]Preparing Neutron API entries [ DONE ]Preparing Neutron L3 entries [ DONE ]Preparing Neutron L2 Agent entries [ DONE ]Preparing Neutron DHCP Agent entries [ DONE ]Preparing Neutron Metering Agent entries [ DONE ]Checking if NetworkManager is enabled and running [ DONE ]Preparing OpenStack Client entries [ DONE ]Preparing Horizon entries [ DONE ]Preparing Swift builder entries [ DONE ]Preparing Swift proxy entries [ DONE ]Preparing Swift storage entries [ DONE ]Preparing Heat entries [ DONE ]Preparing Heat CloudFormation API entries [ DONE ]Preparing Gnocchi entries [ DONE ]Preparing Redis entries [ DONE ]Preparing Ceilometer entries [ DONE ]Preparing Aodh entries [ DONE ]Preparing Puppet manifests [ DONE ]Copying Puppet modules and manifests [ DONE ]Applying 192.168.129.185_controller.pp192.168.129.185_controller.pp: [ DONE ] Applying 192.168.129.185_network.pp192.168.129.185_network.pp: [ DONE ] Applying 192.168.129.186_compute.ppApplying 192.168.129.185_compute.pp192.168.129.185_compute.pp: [ DONE ] 192.168.129.186_compute.pp: [ DONE ] Applying Puppet manifests [ DONE ]Finalizing [ DONE ] **** Installation completed successfully ******Additional information: * Parameter CONFIG_NEUTRON_L2_AGENT: You have chosen OVN Neutron backend. Note that this backend does not support the VPNaaS plugin. Geneve will be used as the encapsulation method for tenant networks * Time synchronization installation was skipped. Please note that unsynchronized time on server instances might be problem for some OpenStack components. * File /root/keystonerc_admin has been created on OpenStack client host 192.168.129.185. To use the command line tools you need to source the file. * To access the OpenStack Dashboard browse to http://192.168.129.185/dashboard .Please, find your login credentials stored in the keystonerc_admin in your home directory. * The installation log file is available at: /var/tmp/packstack/20230806-151155-lamn_upk/openstack-setup.log * The generated manifests are available at: /var/tmp/packstack/20230806-151155-lamn_upk/manifests

完成安装

测试登录

打开浏览器，访问 http://192.168.129.185/dashboard

账号：admin

密码：redhat

开启network

• 控制节点

因关闭 NetworkManager 服务，会导致节点重启后网络无法自动启用，也会导致 openstack 组件异常，所以启用 network 来替代 NetworkManager 服务。

[root@controller ~]# systemctl enable networknetwork.service is not a native service, redirecting to systemd-sysv-install.Executing: /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable network[root@controller ~]# systemctl start network

• 计算节点

[root@computer ~]# systemctl enable networknetwork.service is not a native service, redirecting to systemd-sysv-install.Executing: /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable network[root@computer ~]# systemctl start network

• 补充

• 在使用 Packstack 工具搭建 OpenStack 时需要关闭 NetworkManager 而开启并使用network，主要是因为OpenStack 环境对网络的要求和配置与NetworkManager的工作方式不太适配NetworkManager是一个用于图形和命令行环境下的网络管理工具，旨在为桌面用户提供便捷的网络配置。它能够处理各种网络类型，包括有线、无线、蓝牙等，并根据网络环境进行动态管理。然而，在 OpenStack 环境中，网络需求通常更加复杂，需要更多的控制和自定义。
• OpenStack是一个用于搭建云基础设施的开源平台，涉及到多个虚拟机、网络、存储等组件的配置和管理。在 OpenStack 环境中，网络通常需要进行高度定制和精细控制，以满足不同的租户和应用场景的需求。这与 NetworkManager 提供的自动化和动态网络管理方式不太吻合。
• 而采用传统的 network 服务，您可以更精确地配置和管理网络接口、IP 地址、路由等参数以满足OpenStack环境中的复杂网络需求。这对于创建虚拟网络、隔离租户、实现网络互通等 OpenStack 功能非常重要。
• 因此，为了确保 OpenStack 环境的网络配置能够精确地满足其需求，通常会建议在搭建OpenStack 时关闭 NetworkManager，使用传统的 network 服务来进行网络配置。这样可以更好地控制和调整网络参数，以确保 OpenStack 网络的稳定性和性能

• End